Establishing pathogen log reduction value targets for direct potable reuse in the <scp>United States</scp>

نویسندگان

چکیده

Abstract Communities are now turning to potable reuse augment their water supply portfolios in response increasing demand and climate uncertainty. One barrier broader implementation is a lack of regulations for direct (DPR) some locations. An incomplete understanding the foundation existing DPR frameworks may be contributing this barrier. The objective study was use publicly available quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) tool—DPRisk—to explain basis behind California's indirect regulations, draft an Expert Panel's those regulations. Then, leveraging robust raw wastewater pathogen dataset from literature, DPRisk used justify two alternatives: one based on maximum simulated concentrations other 97.4th percentile concentrations. latter represents effort seek equivalency between “raw wastewater” (i.e., California) “treated effluent” Texas) approaches. Using justified QMRA assumptions, baseline log reduction value (LRV) targets were determined 15/11/11 (maximum) or 13/10/10 (97.4th percentile) viruses, Giardia , Cryptosporidium . Additionally, instead augmenting LRVs account undetected treatment process failures, tolerances off‐specification conditions (e.g., up 3 logs 3–12 days per year) characterized. With foundational knowledge, stakeholders can better understand adopt these establish new framework that addresses unique constraints, including considerations preferred paradigms capital operational costs.

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: AWWA water science

سال: 2023

ISSN: ['2577-8161']

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/aws2.1353